In April 1945, the Department of Education was formed in Olsztyn by the Plenipotentiary Office of the Government of the Republic of Poland. Its head was the native Paweł Sowa. During the functioning of the Department of Education at the Plenipotentiary Office of the Government of the Republic of Poland from April through to the end of August 1945, thanks to this department in the Masurian district, a network of educational administration in the area and the first schools were established. Polish education particularly developed in Olsztyn, supported by the increase in inhabitants. The aim of this article is to present the beginnings of the organization of primary and secondary education as well as pedagogic education in Olsztyn under the direction of the Department of Education in the Plenipotentiary Office during the pioneer period, which lasted until the appointment of the School District of Masuria in Olsztyn, i.e. September 1, 1945.